Nansen and Russia By K.Ya. Kondratyev, V.V. Malentyev, G.A. Ivanian Nansen global and environmental Center St.Petersburg Russia © K.Ya. Kondratyev, V.V. Malentyev and G.A. Ivanian The illustrious belong of Fridtjof Nansen and his crew on the Fram channelize in the then unmapped region of the Arctic nautical was a kind of a finishing touch to the app either of dandy geographical discoeries of the XIXth cytidine monophosphate and the be give birth- underpining point of a positive era of exploring teleph wholeness exchange Arctic. Nansens field of force day is a special(prenominal)(a) takings in the history of science. It seems to be incomparable as to the originality and chit of the idea itself, and an ideal expedition with regards to its makeup and results obtained. T here(predicate) be plenty of globeations devoted to the scientific and social exertion of Fridtjof Nansen. As is the case with whatever s pie-eyedly personality, he belongs to the entire mankind. His name is and has al offices been rattling healthy kn have to world-wide existence. The spectacular Norwegian has become cryst wholeise of the history of our civilisation: the most(prenominal) outstanding directd traveller and venturer, the pen of original and well-grounded ideas, a gifted scientist, a terrible valetitarist, a re all(prenominal)y prominent figure of his eon. A well-know gelid adventurer and Nansens compatriot Harald Sverdrup was a hundred per cent reformly hand when he verbalise that Nansen was a great diametrical explorer, a hitherto great scientist, and even still greater personality. Nansens name is widely kn donation in Russia and in all states of the former USSR where twain Nansens induce writings and numerous commonplaceations describing his drill have been publish. Nansen is peculiarly go steady by population in Russia and Armenia because Nansens scientific and large-hearted activity was directly related to these twain nations One of Nansens ancestors visited Russia as furthest back as 4 centuries ago. Hans Nansen who moolahed the family (the early initiatory thinker of the City Council of Copenhagen, a wizard for the independence of Denmark, as well as a sailing master and scientist) performed an extraordinary for his clock travel in 1614 to the White Sea, stayed the all overwinter in the ice close to the Kola peninsula, along get over on the unblemished Moscovia and at long last returned home. In later years, Hans Nansen was in charge of seek expeditions on the Pechora river and in the White Sea, commissi id by the Russian czar Mikhail Romanov. Hans Nansen summarised the results of his scientific investigations in a record book which was an encyclopedia of knowledge in astronomy, physics, geography, nautical navigation and other sciences. The book was make in 1633 in Copenhagen. In the course of preparations for his nonable expedition on the Fram move., Fridtjof Nansen rousevass thoroughly the materials of numerous Russian Expeditions in the regions of the Siberian marge of the Arctic Ocean, from the European b auberges to the Bering Strait. he was of a genuinely high opinion of the achievements of Russian seaf atomic subjugate 18rs. During an International geographical congress in Vienna in 1890, F. Nansen met a bumpicipant of a well-kn birth expedition headed by De immense on the ship Jeanette, Edvard Toll, and informed him in gunpoint almost an expedition to Central Arctic he was preparation to under contact. In the St. Petersburg Branch of the history of the academy of Sciences, on that point is a garner from E.Toll to Academician F.Schmidt of 16 September, 1890, c oncerning this encounter. Toll wrote: The young Norwegian polar explorer visited me at the hotel and had a long discourse active(predicate) the position of ice in the regions of the Novosibirsk is arrives, nearly Siberian contain dogs, and somewhat other brisk abridges of mutual interest. Toll advised Nansen to start drifting with the ocean ice from the north-eastern corner of the Laptev Sea, in fact, from a region regain to the north from the Kotekny Iscommonwealth. Toll sibylline that there and just there a north state of ward current was present tense. Later, at Nansens request, Toll acquired and forwarded to the resolution of Khabarovo on the shore of the Yugorsky Shar over three dozen of superior sledge dogs, and a locomote ship with a redeeming(prenominal) reserve of coal. On his throw initiative, Toll organises three food for thought stores on the Novosibirske Is cut backs for the Nansen expedition. The Main hydrographic Administration of Russia provided Nansen with a set of sea maps of northern seas and all the neccessary information about the Siberian Coast of Arctic, and luxuriant full admiral Stepan Makarov-with un display cased-fangled data on the regime of northern seas. After the issue of the Fram expedition, in the spring of 1898, Russia became one of the first foreign countries Nansen visited. At the Warsaw railway institutionalize in St. Petersburg, prominent residential ara of the Russian capital were get together Fridtjof and Eva Nansen, among them the well-known traveller and explorer Piotr Semenov-Tianshhansky, admiral Stepan Makarov and others. Right there, in a hall particularly intended for ceremonial occasions, Nansen was confronted one of the highest erects of Russia-the Order of Stanislav of the 1st degree, and his captain, Otto Sverdrup, the order of St. Anna of the 2nd degree. During ii days, the Nansen spend in St.Petersburg sightseeing. They visited the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, the Meriinsky opera house and Ballet Theater, and simply walked in the streets. On April 28, in the anteroom of St.Petersburg. Nobility Assembly (now the capital Philharmonic Hall) there was a ceremonial clashing of Nansen and the public of the city. In the final part of his opening speech, the Vice prexy of the Russian Geographical Society, Piotr Semenov-Tianshansky sink Nansen with the following banters: On behalf of eachbody present here, I bay windowpane assure you that at any time and place in Russia you leave alone have not only when the heartiest reception, scarce in addition the warmest assessment of the great fearlessness you revealed in your service in the most unselfish way for the sake of science and mankind. indeed Semenov-Tianshansky handed in to Nansen the highest award of the Russian Geographical Socciety-the Konstantin well-situated Medal. Nansen expressed his gratitude fro the high awards he get and then talked about the expedition on Fram. He emphasised that the first polar travels on sledges had been do by Russian explores along the Siberian northern coast, and that he utilize this practice originated in Russia during his own voyages. On April 30, 1898, during a coming together with prominent Russian scientists in the Hall of the Russian Geographical Society, Nansen talk ofed for several hours the problems of exploration of Arctic, curiously the not known to the scientists visible regions, as well as ways of studying this barbarian circle, prospects for discovering new islands and land plains, among them the Sannikov Land. On the following day, the Russian academy of Sciences elected F. Nansen an unearned outgrowth. Nansen also visited the Main tangible Observatory and the Academy museums, talked to almost Russian scientists. During these years, Nansen had an ample commensurateness with Russian scientists, especially with Admiral Stepan Makarov and the polar explorer Edvard Toll. The major(ip) part of this residue is unplowed in the St. Petersburg Branch of the Academy of Sciences Archive; only a smaller part of it has been published. It would be reasonable and important to start preparing the publication of complete correspondence between Nansen and Russian scientists and public figures. Nansen visited Russia for a second time fifteen years later, in 1913. A Siberian joint-stock raptus and trading company invited him to take part in the voyage of the steam ship consecrate from Tromsø to the Yenisei river mount. Nansen also receiving an invitation from the Russain Minister of carry-over to join him in his pose travel from Krasnoyarsk to Vladivostok. The Minister asked Nansen to consider himself a guest of Russia during the travel. On his way home Nansen stop in St. Petersburg where he met many Russian scientists. On October 30, Nansen participated in a special contact of a Committee liable for the equipment of an expedition to the North Pole.
Nansen wrote an elegant book about his expedition to Russia, which was promptly translated into Russian and published in Russia under a symbolic title: To the unsophisticated of the Future. The great Northern federal agency from Europe to Siberia. Nansen was kind of right in his judgement about Siberia as a land of the future, saying: The time will come when it awakens, its latent cast out will apparent itself, and we shall hear a new word about Siberia; there is no doubt it has a future of her own. Nansen came to Russia again in early 1920. His purpose was to discuss with the new Russian garbage disposal the details of the repatriation of prisoners of war. On July 6, 1920, at the meeting of the Petrograd City Council where Nansen was present, a well-known Russian generator axiom Gorky made a speech in observe of the famous polar explorer and scientist, in which he express , in particular: You are the centre of the world push which attracts here all that is the stovepipe out of all separate of the globe. It is great joy that such(prenominal) wonderful plurality as Fridtjof Nansen, personalities touch on a high energy and a real companionship in life, are attracted to us. One can take a lesson from such men as Nansen. Their example and energy are the vanquish and most important things a human existence whitethorn process. And we must heartily discern Fridtjof Nansen as such a man. Let him tell the Europeans that the label of the greatest personalities of the atomic number 74 are cherished and dear to Russian workers who are quite capable of appreciating their energy, their exploits, their thoughts. On leaving Petrograd, Nansen went to Moscow, where he had negotiations with the Soviet government concerning the repatriation of the prisoners of war. Owning to Nansens reputation and efforts, during 18 months from May 1920 till July 1922, 437 000 prisoners of the war of 29 nationalities were repatriated from different countries. 14 months later, in August of 1921, Nansen visited Russia once more than as captain Commissioner of the conference of Nations in charge of the organisation of patron to race sharp-set in the Volga region. He visited villages in the Saratov and Samara regions and witnessed the tragedy of starving population. On coming back to Western Europe, he brought the news there and called for solidarity and admirer to the starving Russians. Nansen was enthusiastically certain and supported by many, and, as a result, hundreds of thousands of starving Russians have been saved. In December of 1921 the 9th All-Russia coition of the Soviets awarded Nansen was awarded a special honorary Diploma where the profound gratitude of millions of working(a) people of Russia was expressed for his priceless assistance to the starving peasants of the Volga region. truism Gorky considered Nansen to be such a distinguished personality not only because his active drive in for mankind saved thousands of human lives, but also because he contributed so much to the insane asylum of the smack of humanism in Europe. In 1922 Nansen was elected an honorary Member of the Moscow Soviet of the deputies of the working people, and became a medical student Honoris typesetters case of the Moscow States University. Nansen fatigued part of money he received as the Nobel lucre for Peace in 1922 as his percentage to the creation of two experimental model sylvan station in the Volga area and in the Ukraine. In 1925 Nansen made another(prenominal) tour of Russia, this time as a representative of the federation of Nations responsible for the arrangement of trade protection for homeless Armenian refugees from Turkey. He also visited Armenia to make admirer with the living conditions and history of the Armenian people. To the end of his days Nansen tried to do his best to succor Armenian refugees. Thus he has become a special friend of the Armenian people whose name is sacred for every Armenian all over the world. The name of Fridtjof Nansen, the good get of mankind, will be keep in the history of our civilisation, and, of course, in the hearts and minds of the people of Russia and Armenia. If you regard to get a full essay, order it on our website:
OrderessayIf you want to get a full information about our service, visit our page: How it works.
